L1 includes strains from North, Central and South America, Africa and the Middle East and L2 covers from sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and Eastern Europe, where it has become endemic. There are many pathogenic isolates of WNV, but the two major WNV lineages L1 and L2 are responsible for most outbreaks observed. An estimated 10 million people are infected worldwide and mostly in Latin America. cruzi was serologically low, but it may vary among other nations in the region. The vector-borne transmission is the most critical mode for this disease, but other ways such as transfusions require further epidemiological study. The WHO reported that in 2016 there were an estimated 216 million cases of malaria worldwide.Ĭhagas disease is currently a public health problem in Latin America. The African continent has seen a long-term decline in the prevalence of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum from 40% (1900 through 1929) to 24% prevalence (2010 through 2015), this result has been interrupted by a time of rapidly increasing or decreasing transmission. HTLV-1 exists in the blood of 15 million people, which are chronically infected worldwide. HTLV-1 is transmitted sexually, perinatally (breastfeeding), and parenterally (blood transfusions, injection drug user, and transplants). The estimated number of humans living with HIV/AIDS is 36.7 million worldwide as of 2016. Other risk factors associated with a risk of acquiring HIV infection include men who have sex with men, unsafe sexual practices, the use of intravenous drugs, and hazardous blood transfusions or blood products. Hepatitis B and C are prevalent worldwide, especially in HIV patients and in those on hemodialysis and with coagulation disorders. Approximately 150 million individuals worldwide have chronic hepatitis C infection, and nearly 700,000 of them die each year from the liver disease. Of these cases, more than 680,000 individuals die every year due to complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. It is estimated that 240 million individuals are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. West Nile virus infection (WNVI) is a vector-borne disease caused by West Nile virus (WNV), an enveloped ssRNA virus within the family Flaviviridae that impose a threat to many transfusion services worldwide. Trypanosoma is a genus of kinetoplastids and belongs to a group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease and is endemic in Latin America where it is primarily a problem in the context of blood transfusion transmission. Erythrocyte concentrate, along with fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and platelet concentrate are involved in the genesis of transfusion-transmitted malaria. It may transmit by blood transfusion collected from asymptomatic or parasitic donors with low parasite densities. It is primarily transmitted by bites of female mosquitoes of Anopheles species. Malaria is an infectious illness caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus. Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus well-known to cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HIV-2 that primarily affects West Africa. HIV is a retrovirus that comprises two subtypes: HIV-1 that is the most prevalent worldwide and most common etiological agent of AIDS. HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family and is a 60-nm spherical particle, enveloped, and contains a single-stranded RNA genome with a size of 9.4 kb. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes hepatitis C. HBV is a hepadnavirus and has a double-stranded DNA genome with a size of 3.2 kb. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes the hepatitis B. HAV is a 27- to 32-nm spherical particle with cubic symmetry, contains a linear ssRNA genome that has a size of 7.5 kb. Hepatitis A is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is a distinct member of the picornavirus family.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |